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Erti temis girsi namdvilad aris es adamiani

Daamata 16 camshi:
alber kamiu (frang. Albert Camus) (7 noemberi, 1913 - 4 ianvari, 1960), frangi mwerali da filosofosi, absurdis filosofiis warmomadgeneli, nobelis premiis laureati literaturis dargshi (1957).
daibada mondovishi, alzhiri, frang alzhirelta ojaxshi. deda warmoshobit espaneli iyo. mama, lusieni, marnis brdzolashi daighupa 1914 wels pirveli msoflio omis dros. bavshvoba kamium alzhiris gharib ubanshi, belkurshi gaatara.
1923 wels kamiu liceumshi iricxeba, shemdeg ki alzhieris universitetshi. tumca 1930 wels tuberkulozit daavadebis gamo universitetis safexburto gundidan wasvla da saghamos ganyofilebaze gadasvla mouwia. 1935 wels filosofiis bakalavris xarisxs ighebs, 1936 wlis maisshi ki icavs samagistro teziss plotinussa da neoplatonizmze.
1934 wels kamiu safrangetis komunistur partiashi shedis, ufro espanetis politikuri situaciis gamo, vidre marqsizm-leninizmis doqtrinis ideebis mxardacherit. 1936 wels alzhiris komunisturi partia chamoyalibda, romlis mizani alzhiris safrangetisgan gantavisufleba iyo. kamiu uertdeba alzhiris saxalxo partias (Le Parti du Peuple Alg????rien), ris gamoc mas komunist amxanagebtan utanxmoeba mouxda. shedegad, is "trockistad" gamoacxades.
1934 wels kamiu colad simon his, cnobil narkomans, irtavs, tumca mati qorwineba maleve wydeba simonis ghalatis gamo. 1935 wels is afudznebs "mshromelta teatrs" (Th??????tre du Travail, mogvianebit gadaerqva Th??????tre de lEquipe), romelmac 1939 wlamde iarseba. amave periodshi is socialistur gazetebshi mushaobs da mattvis publikaciebs wers, dziritadad glexta mwir cxovrebaze. safrangetis jarshi is tuberkulozis gamo ar charicxes.
1940 wels kamiu colad irtavs fransin fors, pianistsa da matematikoss. 1945 wlis 5 seqtembers mat tyupebi - katerin da zhan kamiuebi sheedzinat. amave wels kamiu iwyebs mushaobas zhurnalshi Paris-Soir (saghamos parizi). meore msoflio omis dasawyisshi kamiu pacifistia, tumca is parizshi imyofeboda vermaxtis dros. 1941 wlis 15 dekembers kamiu gabriel peris daxvretis momswre gaxda, ramac dasabami misca mis germanelta winaaghmdeg amxedrebas. momdevno wlebshi pari-suas danarchen tanamshromlebtan ertad bordoshi gadadis. amave wels is asrulebs tavis pirvel wignebs - "ucnobi" da "sizifes miti". 1942 wels cota xnit oranshi, alzhirshi, brundeba.
omis wlebshi kamiu franguli winaaghmdegobis modzraobas, "kombats" uertdeba, romelic iatakqvesha gazets ushvebs. es jgufi nacistebis winaaghmdeg shetqmulebebs awyobda da kamius koduri saxeli "boshari" iyo. kamiu gazetis redaqtori xdeba 1943 wels da roca mokavshireebi parizshi shevidnen kamiu bolo brdzolebs ashuqebda. 1947 wels is kombatidan wavida, vinaidan gazeti ubralo komerciul gamocemad gadaiqca. swored am periodshi xvdeba is zhan-pol sartrs.
omis shemdeg kamiu sartris anturazhis wevri da parizis sen-zhermenis bulvarze kafe de floris xshiri stumari xdeba. amave periodshi is ashsh-shic mogzaurobs frangul egzistencializmze leqciebis wasakitxad. miuxedavad politikuri memarcxeneobisa mis mier komunisturi doqtrinis mdzafri kritika komunisturi partiebidan uaryofit gamodzaxils iwvevs da sartrsac anawyenebs.
1949 wels kamius tuberkulozi gaurtulda da ori weli gankerdzoebulad sanatoriumshi gaatara. 1951 wels is aqveynebs "amboxs", filosofiur analizs amboxsa da revoluciaze, romelshic xazgasmit uarhyofs komunizms. wignma mravali misi kolega da tanamedrove gaanawyena safrangetshi da sartrtan misi saboloo ganxetqilebis sababi gaxda. mwvave kritikam is depresiashi chaagdo da politikisgan tavis asarideblad piesebis targmnas iwyebs.
kamius yvelaze mnishvnelovani wvlili filosofiashi iyo misi idea absurdze - samyaros arsshi chawvdomis survilsa da amis ganxorcielebis sheudzleblobas shoris arsebuli ganxetqilebis shedegi, rac man "sizifes mitshi" aghwera da shemdgomshi mraval sxva namushevarshi ganavitara. amis gamo mravali kritikosi mas axasiatebs ara rogorc egzistencialists, aramed - absurdists (orive gansazghvrebas tavad kamiu uarhyofda).
1950-ian wlebshi kamiu adamianta uflebebis sakitxebit interesdeba. 1952 wels is tovebs samsaxurs iuneskoshi, gaeros mier frankos espanetis wevrad cnobis gamo. 1953 wels is ert-erti im mcire memarcxenetagani iyo, romelmac mwvaved gaakritika aghmosavlet berlinshi mushata gaficvis chaxshobis sabchota metodi. 1956 wels man igive metodebi gaaprotesta ungretshi.
sicocxlis ganmavlobashi kamiu pacifizmis ertguli da sikvdilit dasjis winaaghmdegi darcha. am mxriv misi yvelaze mnishvnelovani wvlili iyo kiostlertan ertad dawerili esse msoflios masshtabit sikvdilis dasjis gauqmebis moraluri valdebulebis taobaze.
1954 wels alzhirshi damoukideblobistvis omis dawyeba kamiustvis moraluri dilema gaxda. is tavs pied-nuars miakutvnebda da icavda safrangetis mtavrobas im mosazrebit, rom chrdiloet afrikis koloniis ajanyeba axali arabuli imperializmis ganuyofeli nawili iyo, romelsac sataveshi egvipte da anti-dasavluri isteria edga rusetis mxardacherit, rata "evropa alyashi moeqciat da amit ashsh-s izolacia moexdinat". miuxedavad imisa, rom kamiu alzhiris farto avtonomiisa da federaciis momxrec iyo, mas miachnda, rom pied-nuarebsa da arabebs ertad tanacxovreba sheedzlot. fartomasshtabiani omis dawyebis shemdeg is politikur kuluarebshi sikvdilmisjil alzhirelta daxmarebistvis ighwvis.
1955-56 wlebshi kamiu leqspresistvis mushaobs. 1957 wels mas nobelis premias anicheben litaraturashi, oficialurad ara misi romanistvis "vardna" (La Chute), aramed sikvdilis dasjis praqtikis winaaghmdeg dawerili essestvis "R????flexions Sur la Guillotine" (shexedulebani giliotinaze). stokholmis universitetshi leqciit gamosvlisas studentebtan saubarshi is alzhiris sakitxshi umoqmedebas alzhirshi mcxovrebi dedis gamo xsnis. es kidev ufro radikalur gamijvnas iwvevs misdami frang memarcxene inteleqtualebshi.
kamiu gardaicvala 1960 wlis 4 ianvars avtoavariashi sentan, qalaq vileblevinshi. kamius adre utqvams, rom yvelaze absurduli sikvdili avtokatastrofashi daghupva iqneboda. dakrdzalulia lurmarenis sasaflaoze, lurmarenshi, vokluzi, provans-alp-kot dazuri, safrangeti.
kamius ori nawarmoebi misi sikvdili shemdeg gamoqveynda. pirveli iyo ucxos adreuli varianti sataurit "bednieri sikvdili" da 1970 wels daibechda. meore nashromi iyo misi daumtavrebeli romani "pirveli adamiani". es iyo misi avtobiografiuli nashromi sakutar bavshvobaze alzhirshi da 1995 wels gamoqveynda.
absurdis filosofiis amosavali wertili samyaros absurdulobis shecnobaa. kamius msoflmxedvelobis da absurdis miseuli gagebis chamoyalibeba sizifes mitshi moxda. adamiani tavisi monotonuri cxovrebis romelighac momentshi fxizldeba da uamravs shekitxvas usvams sakutar tavs cxovrebaze, arsebobaze, magram pasuxis nacvlad absurdis kedlebs awydeba. es absurdi warmoiqmneba konfliqtisgan, romelic adamianis miswrafebebsa da obieqtur realobas shoris arsebobs. gamosavals zogi imedshi xedavs, zogi - religiashi, zogic - tvitmkvleobashi. kamiu tvitmkvlelobas uaryofs, tumca aghiarebs, rom yvela jansagh adamians ufiqria amaze. mas mohyavs galileos magaliti, romelmac filosofiuri cheshmariteba mashinve uarhyo, rogorc ki saqme misi sicocxlis xelyofas sheexo da dasdzens, rom sworadac moiqca. tvitmkvleloba aghiarebaa imisa, rom individis cxovreba autaneli an gaugebari gaxda, e.i. cxovreba aghar ghirs. kamiu tvitmkvlelobas upirispirebs sagh azrs, absurdis shecnobasa da aghiarebas, rasac amboxi mohyveba. absurdis shecnobis magalitia sizife. man icis, rom qva yoveltvis isev dagordeba, magram mainc aaqvs. sizife tavs aghwevs absurdulobas imit, rom secnobili aqvs igi. kamiu acxadebs, rom adamiani, romelic sheicnobs absurds, unda sheecados gardaqmnas igi azrebad da daafiqsiros mxatvrul shemoqmedebashi. swored xelovnebaa xsnis ertaderti gza.

cnobili namushevrebi:

sarchuli da piri, 1937
qorwineba, 1938 (esseebis krebuli)
sizifes miti, 1942
ucxo, 1942
kaligula, 1944
gaugebroba, 1944
mosazrebebi giliotaze, 1947
shavi chiri, 1947 (kritikis premia, 1948)
alya , 1948
werilebi germanel megobars, 1948 (lui nevilis fsevdonimit gamoqveynebuli)
martlebi, 1950
amboxebuli adamiani, 1951
zafxuli, 1954
dacema, 1956
gadasaxleba da samefo, 1957
eshmakni, 1959, ( teodor dostoevskis romanis teatraluri adaptacia)
dghiurebi I, 1962
pirveli adamiani, 1994 (dausrulebeli romani, romelic misave qalishvilma gamoaqveyna).

wyaro: ka.wikipedia.org
Daamata 1 cutshi:
Daamata 7 cutshi:
visac uket gacnobis survili gaqvt,waikitxet: http://burusi.wordpress.com/literature/albert-camus/

http://lib.ge/authors.php?1148

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sicocxlis siyvaruli(esse)

palmashi, *1 ghamit, cxovreba bazris ukan, kafe-shantanebis ubanshi gadaedineba: chabnelebuli, mdumare quchebi, kafeebis darabebian karta mighma ki sinatle da musika. titqmis mteli ghame gavatare ert aset kafeshi. dabalcheriani patara darbazi, otxkutxedi. mwvaned sheghebili, vardis konebit mortuli. xit gawyobil cherze cicqna witeli naturebi. saocaria, rogor eteoda am patara sivrceshi orkestri, ferad-feradi botlebit savse bari da mushtrebi, ertmanets michyletili, ise, rom nemsic versad chavardeboda. magidebs mxolod mamakacebi usxdnen. centrshi, ormetriani tavisufali are. mimtani erti bolodan meoreshi botlebs da chiqebs daarbeninebda. yvela ertxmad ghrialebda, titqos chkuidan gadavidneno. vighac sazghvao oficeri alkoholit gajhghentil sisuleleebs zed pirshi maxlida, uasako qondriskaci ki sakutar cxovrebas miyveboda. dzalian dadzabuli viyavi da araferi mesmoda. orkestri raghacas ukravda, magram darbazis fexebis braxunshi ritmis mets verafers gaigebdi. drodadro kari igheboda, axalmosuls yijhinit xvdebodnen da or skams shua dzlivs tenidnen. *2
uceb dafdafebis gabmuli xma gaisma da kabares shuagulshi, im cariel wreshi qali shemovarda. ???ocdaerti wlisaa???, _ mitxra oficerma. gaocebisgan lamis piri davaghe: xorcis uzarmazar zvins ymawvili qalis tavi adga: zonzroxa, metri da otxmoci santimetris simaghlisa, as oc kilos mainc iwonida. xelebi tedzoebze shemoiwyo, naqsovi badura kabis dzafebs shoris xorci amoiburca. qali icinoda. chanda, rogor ekeceboda kani, tuchis kutxeebidan lamis yurebamde. darbazi aghtyinebas ver iokebda. ashkara iyo, rom axalgazrda qals kargad icnobdnen, uyvardat da yovel saghamos mis gamochenas moutmenlad elodnen. qali ki ghimils ar ishorebda. irgvliv shemojarul mushtrebs tvali moavlo isev ise mdumarem da momghimarma da muceli aatamasha. darbazma ixuvla, mere ki nacnobi simghera moitxova. tu ar vcdebi, andaluzuri unda yofiliyo, cxvirshi rom mgherian, iseti. yovel mesame taqts dolis moguduli eqo ertvoda. qali mgheroda da dolis braxuns vnebian modzraobas ayolebda. cekva seqsualuri aqtis zusti imitacia iyo.

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monotonur modzraobaze mtels sxeuls tedzoebidan mxrebamde avxorculi trtolva talghebad uvlida. mayureblebma ena chaigdes. misamgheris dro rom dadga, ert adgilze cibrutivit motriale qalishvili xelebit dzudzuebs waetana, witeli, sveli xaxa daagho, darbazs ???amyevito??? anishna da yvela, erti kacivit, fexze wamoagdo. tviton ki darbazis shuagulshi idga, gaxevebuli, oflshi gaghvrili da tmebgawewili, kabashi gamochedili veebertela sxeulit, wylidan shobili araamqveyniuri qalghmertis msgavsad, viwro shublit, briyvuli ierit, chacvenili tvalebit da narbeni doghis cxenivit mxolod muxlebi ukankalebda. vnebit savse mxiarulebis shuagulshi idga, vitarc sicocxlis uxamsi da survilis aghmdzvreli xati: grdznobadaclil tvalebshi uimedoba chadgomoda, sqel mucelze oflis ghvari sdioda??�
yava da gazetebi rom ara, mogzauroba gausadzlisi iqneboda. mshobliuri sityvebi, adgili, sadac saghamoobit vighacas gamoelaparakebi, sashualebas gvadzlevs gavimeorot chveuli jhestebi da wutit mainc movipovot sakutari tavi, romelic aqamde esoden ucxo gvechveneboda. saqme is gaxlavt, rom mogzaurobis sazghauri shishia: dekoraciebi imsxvreva da tavsac veghar moityueb, radgan samsaxuris saatebs an saqmes ver amoefarebi (chven xom mudam mat landzghvashi vart, mashin, roca swored isini gvicaven sakutari martoobisgan). mudam msurda damewera romani, sadac chemi gmirebi ase imetyvelebdnen: ???samushao saatebi rom ara, ar vici, ra meshveleboda???, an kidev: ???coli momikvda, magram, sabednierod, xval uamravi saqme gamichnda???. mogzauroba am ukanasknel tavshesafarsac gvartmevs. axloblebs da mshobliur enas mowyvetilni, yovelgvar sayrdens moklebulni, nighabchamoclilni (tramvais biletis fasic ki ar ici, sxvaze agharafers vambob), titqos sakutari tavis zedapirze vtivtivebt. vgrdznobt, rom suli dagvisneulda. sheidzleba amitomacaa, rom yoveli axali sagani tu arseba saswaulad gvechveneba. qali, romelic uazrod imancheba, magidaze shemodgmuli ghvinis botli gamchvirvale fardis ukan: yoveli xati simbolo xdeba. gvechveneba, rom titoeulshi mteli sisavsit irekleba cxovreba da chveni sakutaric swored am ert wamshi, mteli sigrdze-siganit warmogvichndeba. raghac sachuqris molodinshi vart da arc ki vici, rarig avxsna is winaaghmdegobrivi troba, romelsac esoden xarbad veswrafvit (ukiduresi zghvari natelchvretit trobaa). xmeltashuazghvis qveynebis garda sxvagan arsad migrdzvnia sakutar tavtan esodeni siaxlove da esodeni sishore.

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etyoba, palmas kafestan dakavshirebuli gancdebic aqedan ighebs sataves. magram shuadghisas, qalaqis tadzris ukacriel ubanshi, sadac dzvel sasaxleebs grili ezoebi akravs, xolo quchebs chrdilis surneli asdis, raghacnairi ???sizantis??? gancda medzaleba. quchebshi kacishvili ar chachanebs; banebze bebruxanebi mokalatebulan. saxlebs mivuyvebi, mwvane xeebita da mrgvali, nacrisferi svetebit shemoragul ezoebtan svlas vaneleb, vgrdznob, rogor vitqvifebi mdumarebis surnelshi, vshordebi sakutar sazghvrebs da mxolod chemi nabijebis xmad viqcevi, an chitis frenad, romlis chrdilma es-esaa mzit ganatebul maghal kedlebs gadauqrola. vin icis, ramdeni saati gamitarebia wminda franciskis patara gotur monastershi. mis natif da haerovan svetebs espanetis dzveli dzeglebistvis damaxasiatebeli varayisferi dadebia. ezoshi, vardisa da witeli wiwakis buchqebi, chis rkinis kideze jhangmodebuli litonis cicxvi, mgzavristvis wyurvilis mosaklavad. axlac chamesmis chis qvebs mixetqebuli cicxvis jhghriali.
magram monasteri sicocxlit tkbobas sulac ar miqadagebda. mtredebis frtebis frialshi, baghshi ucabedad gamefebul mdumarebashi, chis jachvis jhgharunshi axal da mainc esoden nacnob sitkboebas shevicnobdi. yovelives natlad vchvretdi da ghimilit vakvirdebodi samyaros garegani xatebis cvalebadobas. samyaros ghimili titqos brolshi irekleboda. xelis erti sherxeva da qva daimsxvreva, raghac gaqreba, mtredebis gundi frenas shewyvets da frtebakecili miwas daenarcxeba. martooden chemi dumili da udzraoba avsebda da inarchunebda wamier iluzias. tamashshi chaverte. ara, tavs ar vityuebdi, ubralod, garegnul cvalebadobas avyevi. oqrosferi mze tadzris moyvitalo qvebs elamuneboda. qali chidan wyals ighebda??� wuti, ara, wami da yovelive ukvalod gauchinardeba. da mainc, saswauli grdzeldeboda. samyaro arsebobas agrdzelebda, morcxvi, ironiuli, satno (xshirad, qaltan megobrobac aseti tavshekavebuli da natifi warmogvichndeba). wonasworobac ar irghveoda, tumc ki moaxloebuli ucilobeli dasasrulis shishit iyo sheferili.

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swored aq shevigrdzeni sicocxlis siyvaruli; enitutqmeli swrafva warmavalisken, imisken, rac sadacaa xelidan gamisxlteba; gzneba, romelsac simwaris gemo axlavs. yovel cismare dghes, rodesac monasters vtovebdi, guli ukan meweoda. titqos sakutar tavs momglijes da wamit cxovrebis mdinarebashi chamdzires. kargad vici, ratomac vixsenebdi am wutas doriuli apolonis mzeradaclil tvalebs, an jotos gaxevebul figurebs.3 ashkarad vxedavdi, tu ras shemdzenda msgavs mxareshi mogzauroba. aghtacebas mgvris shegrdzneba imisa, rom xmeltashuazghvis qveynebshi sheidzleba moixelto cxovrebis wesi da garduvali kanonzomierebani, daioko cnobiswadili, gaamartlo optimizmi da moqalaqeobrivi vali. erti sityvit, me adamianur qargze gamochrili samyaro ki ar mizidavda, aramed iseti, romelic tvit dadis adamianur ganzomilebamde. tuki am qveynis ena chemi arsebis sighrmeshi dabudebul xmas etanxmeboda, es imitom ara, rom igi epasuxeboda chems kitxvebs, aramed imitom, rom igi mat amaoebas mimtkicebda. zeciuri madlis savedrebeli sityvebis nacvlad tavshi mxolod erti, mzit gatanguli bunebis wiaghshi shobili sityva ???Nada???4 mitrialebda. ar arsebobs sicocxlis siyvaruli uimedobis gareshe.

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ibizashi *5 yoveldghe davdiodi navsadguris kafeebshi. saghamos xut saatze axalgazrdebi sanapiroze gamoefinebodnen. aq eyreboda safudzveli momaval qorwinebebs, aq igrdznoboda sicocxlis dzalumi fetqva. araferi iyo dafaruli, adamianis cxovreba samyaros exsneboda da iyo amashi raghac mouxelteblad diadi da ghirseuli. kafes terasaze vjdebodi mzit daosebuli tetri eklesiebis, batqashit shelesili kedlebis, gadaxrukuli mindvrebisa da zetisxilis aqochrili xeebis mogonebebit savse. nushis momjhavo wvens vsvamdi, zghvis damrecad mimavali borcvebis morkalul rigs shevcqerodi. yvelaze did gorakze qari wisqvilis frtebs atrialebda. saswauli iyo tu ra, magram ertbashad brbos yayani miwyda. iyo mxolod zeca da misken aghmavali churchuli, shoridan mosuli ghighinis magvari. mwuxris es wuti raghac warmavalis da melanqoliuris zeobis jhami iyo da ara mxolod chemtvis, aramed yvelastvis ashkara da sacnauri. yelshi mowolili qvitinivit momedzala siyvarulis survili. amieridan dzilis yoveli wami sicocxlistvis, ese igi usagno wadilistvis moparuli iqneba. iseve rogorc palmas kabaresa da wminda franciskis monastershi, axlac udzravi, shinaganad dadzabuli viyavi da ver vudzaliandebodi im ukidegano swrafvas, romelic mibidzgebda ortave xelit chavchidebodi sicocxles.

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vici, rom vcdebi da rom sakutari tavis ushurvelad gacemasac aqvs sazghvari. tuki raimes sheqmnas apireb, es sicxadec unda gaxsovdes. siyvaruli ki sazghvars ar cnobs. dae, echvenos vinmes chemi xvevna ulazato, oghondac ki shevdzlo mteli samyaro mivikra mkerds! genuashi, sisxam dilit, qalebis ghimilit vtkbebodi. mat vegharodes vixilav. amqveynad dakargvaze advili araferia. amas ki vambob, magram sityvebit chems monatrebas veras vushveli. wminda franciskis monastris chashi vixedebi, mtredebis frenas vadevneb tvals da wyurvili maviwydeba. magram gamoxdeba xani da isev momwyurdeba.

shenishvnebi
1. palma (palma de maiorka) ??� zghvispira qalaqi espanetshi
2. aris taviseburi silaghe im sixarulshi, romelic nebismier civilizacias axasiatebs. espanelebi civilizebuli erebis ishviat rigs miekutvnebian (avtoris shen.).
3. mzerisa da ghimilis gamochenit iwyeba berdznuli qandakebisa da italiuri xelovnebis dacema. silamaze gonebam shecvala (avtoris shen.).
4. ada (esp.) _ araferi.
5. ibiza (ibiza) _ balearebis ert-erti kundzulis mtavari qalaqi.